Hair waving apparatus



Patented Dec. 20, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE This invention relates to apparatus for use in connection with the permanent waving of hair upon the human head, and more particularly to means and apparatus for holding the hair in proper position and under proper tension while the same is being treated to produce the desired wave.

The present device is particularly adapted for use in producing the so-called Croquignole wave, in the application of which to hair on the human head, it is customary to employ a clamping devicewhich grips a lock of hair closely adjacent to the scalp. The next step in this operation is to wind the hair upon a spool or spindle, said winding operation being from the free ends of the lock towards the clamp upon which the spindle is received, and in which it is held against reverse rotation by a co-operating mechanism provided on the spindle and clamp. The next step in this operation is to enclose thewound lock of hair in a wrapper of suitable textile material, such, for example, as flannel or the like, which may be moistened with a suitable lotion, said spindle and wrapper being then enclosed in a suitable electrically heated device, whereby the heat necessary to secure the permanent wave is readily applied to the hair.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved clamp and spindle by the action of which the waving operation above described may be greatly facilitated.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved co-operating mechanism provided on the clamp and spindle, whereby the spindle is prevented from rotating in the reverse direction when the hair is wound thereon, so that the hair may be maintained under the desired tension during the heating operation.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a device of the character described for use in permanent waving which will be simple in construction, assembly and operation, which may be produced along lines convenient for low cost manufacture, and which will be highly efficient for carrying out the purposes for which it is designed.

With the foregoing and other objects in View which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in certain novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and particularly pointed out in the appended claim, it being understood that various changes in the form, proportion, size and minor details of the structure or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

For the purpose of facilitating an understandw ing of my invention, I have illustrated in the accompanying drawing, a preferred embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which when considered in connection with the following description, my invention, its mode of construction, assembly and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated.

Referring to the drawing in which the same characters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding or similar parts throughout the several figures of the drawing:

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a clamp and the co-operating spindle disposed thereon embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the clamp and cooperating spindle with parts thereof being broken away, and the clamp being shown in open position in dot and dash lines;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the device shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 44 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the other end of the device shown in Fig. 1; and I Fig. 6 is a sectional view through the clamp showing specifically the linkage mechanism.

Referring to the drawing more specifically by characters of reference, the numeral l0 designates a protectorclamp for use in connection with permanent hair waving upon which and to which is secured in a manner hereinafter to be more fully explained a spindle l 4 upon which the hair is wound. The protector clamp It comprises preferably a metallic strip bent upon itself to produce a substantially U-shaped cross section as shown in Fig. 4, thereby affording adequate air space I2 between the two leg portions, whereby the conduction of heat is thereby minimized and the scalp thus protected.

The upper face portion of the clamp H3 is provided adjacent each end with an .upstanding bracket formed integral with said body portion of the clamp, the right hand bracket being designated by the reference character l3 and is of substantially U-shaped formation for receiving and holding in place one end of the spool or spindle. The bracket provided on the other end of the clamp I0 is designated by the reference character Hi to the inner face of which is rigidly and permanently secured an inwardly extending stud 16 disposed centrally on said bracket, said stud having secured thereto a leaf spring I1, which spring is arranged so as to substantially surround the upper portion of the stud l6, as more fully illustrated in Fig. 4 of the drawing.

In the embodiment illustrated, the spring I! is secured to the stud [6 by mounting one end thereof in a diametric slot l8 provided in the stud l6 within which slot the spring is held by means of a pin 19 extending through the stud and arranged substantially perpendicular to the slot l8. The portion of the leaf spring extending beyond the portion received within the slot I8 is bent to conform substantially to the circumference or periphery of the upper portion of the stud It, as shown in Fig. 4.

In permanent waving of hair, the hair must be wound around some substantially cylindrical object to form the desired wave. In the present construction, use is made of a spool or spindle II which is of circular cross section and preferably of varying diameter, as indicated in Fig. l of the drawing. The spindle I I is provided with a clamp or catch 20 which grips the ends of the hair while the latter is being wound on the spindle. At one end the spindle has a knurled knob or other suitable device 2| whereby the spindle may be rotated with the fingers.

The other end of the spindle is provided with a recess 22 which is of such a shape .and size as to receive the stud I6 with its associated spring I1 when the spindle is brought into operative position on the clamp Ill. The inner periphery of the recess 22 is provided with a plurality of serrations 23, as shown in Fig. 4, which serrations are adapted for co-operation with the free end of the spring [1 to permit rotation of the spool or spindle in one direction and to prevent rotation in the other opposite direction. Thus the free end of the spring I? will .act in the form of a pawl which will engage the serrations or teeth 23 provided on the inner periphery of the recess 22 to prevent reverse rotation of said spindle. The free end of the spring ll will permit the teeth 23 to slip past the same when rotated in the desired direction.

Adjacent one end of the member I0 is secured a bar 24 by means of the rivet 25. Said bar is offset intermediate its ends, as shown at 26, and has to the free end thereof pivotally secured, as shown at 21, a rod 28, which rod is adapted for disposition in a position substantially parallel to the member Iii for co-operating therewith to clamp the lock of hair therebetween. Adjacent the other end of the member ID is pivotally secured a bar 29 by means of the rivet 30, said bar being offset intermediate its ends as shown at 3|, and to the end of which is pivotally mounted a cam-like latch member 32. The bar 29 is adapted to pass through a slot 33 provided in the end of the rod and to be locked in position by means of the latch member 32, as shown more clearly in Fig. 2 of the drawing.

In order to prevent injury to the hair by the clamping action of the protector clamp, I have provided a cushion member 34 of any suitable resilient material adapted for disposition in the space l2 between the upper and lower faces of the member Ill. Similarly a sleeve 35 of suitable resilient material is disposed over the rod 28, so that the gripping action will take place between the resilient members 34 and 35, as shown more clearly in Fig. 4.

In the application of the device as described, the strand of hair to be waved is placed between the member ID and rod 28, said members being positioned directly upon the scalp of the patient. The members are then looked to each other by means of the bar 29 and latch 32, thereby firmly holding the strand of hair between the resilient members 34 and 35. The ends of the hair are then secured to the spindle II by means of the catch or clamp 20. Now as the hair becomes wrapped around the spindle close to the clamp, the recess 22 of the spindle is slipped over the stud l6 and associated spring I! and rotation continues. As the rotation continues the serrations or teeth 23 on the inner periphery of the recess 22 engage successively the free end of the spring ll, and due to the tension on the hair when the spindle is rotated as much as possible, the free end of the spring I! in connection with one of the teeth 23 will prevent the spool or spindle from rotating in a reverse direction, and will not prevent any movement of the spindle other than longitudinal. In this position, the end of the spindle ll opposite from the recess 22 rests and is supported by the substantially U-shaped bracket l3. After the operations incidental to the waving, as previously described, are completed, the spindle ll may be moved longitudinally to permit the disengagement of the stud 16 from the recess 22, after which the hair may be removed from the spindle.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the present invention provides an improved device for the purpose set forth. By providing the inwardly extending stud on one of the standards and associating with said stud a semi-circumferentially arranged spring to act as a pawl for cooperating with the serrated recess on the spindle, a more durable and simple structure is obtained, which at the same time will permit the proper centering of the spindle and will firmly hold the spindle in operative position during the final tightening of the strand of hair to complete the winding operation.

It is believed that myinvention, its mode of construction and assembly, and many of its .advantages should be readily understood from the foregoing without further description, and it should also be manifest that while a preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown and described for illustrative purposes, the structural details are nevertheless capable of wide variation within the purview of my invention as defined in the appended claim.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

Apparatus of the character described, comprising an elongated hair engaging clamp, a spindle around which hair may be wound, one end of said spindle being provided with a recess having serrations longitudinally arranged on its inner periphery, an upright standard provided adjacent one end of said clamp, an inwardly extending stud formed on said standard for supporting the recessed end of the spindle, a pawl member associated with said stud for engagement with said serrations in said recess, said pawl member being formed by a circumferentially arranged spring member, one portion of which is bent diametrically to the body of the spring member and arranged in a slot provided in said stud and the other portion of said spring member being arranged so as to surround substantially the major portion of said stud and to cooperate with said serrations to permit rotary movement of said spindle in one direction, but to prevent suc movement in the opposite direction.

HARRY BONAT. 

